Saturday, October 18, 2014

Some number theory questions

  1. For all n > 1, n does not divide 2n−1.
    Proof: Suppose not. Then n is odd as 2n−1 is odd. Let p be the smallest prime dividing n. We have (p−1,n)=1. By division algorithm, n=q(p−1)+k for some integers q and k with 0<k<p. By Fermat’s Little Theorem, 2p−1≡1 (mod p), so 2k≡(2p−1)q2k≡2n≡1 (mod p). This results in a contradiction by infinite descent.

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